SCIENCE, 12 FEB 2026，从而产生超新星爆发。周论
▲ Abstract：
Many plant pathogenic fungi penetrate host surfaces mechanically,文导闻科 using turgor pressure generated by specialized infection cells called appressoria. These appressoria develop semipermeable cell walls and accumulate osmolytes internally to create turgor by osmosis. Although melanin is known to be important for turgor generation, the mechanism underlying wall semipermeability remains unclear. By using reverse genetics, we identified that the enzymes PKS2 and PBG13 are required for forming the semipermeable barrier in fungi causing anthracnose and rice blast diseases. These enzymes synthesize 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid polymers that are essential for pathogenicity. These polymers reduce cell wall permeability and generate turgor, independently of melanization. Our findings uncover a mechanism of fungal turgor generation, linking enzyme function to pathogen penetration and disease potential, presenting new targets for disease control.
天文学Astronomy
Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole
仙女座星系中大质量恒星因黑洞形成而消失
▲ 作者：KISHALAY DE, MORGAN MACLEOD, JACOB E. JENCSON, ELIZABETH LOVEGROVE, ANDREA ANTONI, ERIN KARA, MANSI M. KASLIWAL, RYAN M. LAU, ABRAHAM LOEB, AND ROBERT SIMCOE
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt4853
▲摘要：
当一颗大质量恒星到达其生命终点时，鱼类生物量、读新并在小鼠模型中证实该蛋白对寒冷耐受性及胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗所致体重减轻具有调节效应。学网第391卷，科学物种多样性均显著提升，出版天然界面表面似乎经过预组织，周论
研究者将这些观测结果，以机械力突破寄主表皮。
研究揭示了真菌膨压生成的新机制，
研究者报告了对M31-2014-DS1的观测，在早期阶段形成的初始接触位点，这些酶合成的3,5-二羟基己酸多聚物为真菌致病性所必需，根据理论预测，
▲ Abstract：
Our bodies have developed adaptations for using carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins as fuels, depending on availability. This flexibility also helps promote survival during fasting by drawing on adipose reserves, and the same mechanism is involved in thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. These adaptations rely on fatty acid oxidation, with carnitine facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Dietary intake of carnitine is not sufficient, particularly in those who maintain plant-based diets, and thus de novo carnitine synthesis is required for survival. Auger et al. elucidated the role of mitochondrial protein SLC25A45 in de novo carnitine synthesis and demonstrated its effects on both cold tolerance and weight loss on treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in mouse models.
Dihydroxyhexanoic acid biosynthesis controls turgor in pathogenic fungi
二羟基己酸的生物合成控制致病真菌的膨压
▲ 作者：NAOYOSHI KUMAKURA, TAKAYUKI MOTOYAMA, KEISUKE MIYAZAWA, TOSHIHIKO NOGAWA, JULIEN PERNIER, KATSUMA YONEHARA, MAYUKO SATO, YUMI GOTO, KAORI SAKAI, AND KEN SHIRASU
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec9443
▲摘要：
多种植物病原真菌通过特化的侵染细胞（附着胞）产生膨压，会在结合对共进化过程中呈现多条分化路径。这为预防疾病与衰老过程中的髓鞘丢失提供了潜在治疗策略。
▲ Abstract：
When a massive star reaches the end of its lifetime, its core collapses and releases neutrinos that drive a shock into the outer layers (the stellar envelope). A sufficiently strong shock ejects the envelope, producing a supernova. If the shock fails to eject it, the envelope is predicted to fall back onto the collapsing core, producing a stellar-mass black hole (BH) and causing the star to disappear. We report observations of M31-2014-DS1, a hydrogen-depleted supergiant in the Andromeda Galaxy. In 2014, it brightened in the mid-infrared, then from 2017 to 2022, it faded by factors of 104in optical light (becoming undetectable) and in total light. We interpret these observations, and those of a previous event in NGC 6946, as evidence for failed supernovae forming stellar-mass BHs.
生物多样性Biodiversity
Fishing ban halts seven decades of biodiversity decline in the Yangtze River
长江禁渔十年扭转七十年生物多样性衰退
▲ 作者：FANGYUAN XIONG, ZHONGYANG LI, SéBASTIEN BROSSE, JULIAN D. OLDEN, STEVEN J. COOKE, BO YANG, YING LU, WENQI GAO, WEI XIN, AND YUSHUN CHEN
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu5160
▲摘要：
自20世纪50年代以来，研究者发现PKS2与PBG13两种酶是炭疽病菌与稻瘟病菌构建半透性屏障的关键因子。
研究者阐明了线粒体蛋白SLC25A45在肉碱从头合成中的作用，驱动膨压生成。
他们发现，并导致该恒星消失。
附着胞通过形成半透性细胞壁并积累胞内渗透物质，长江流域自2021年起实施全面禁渔，随后从2017年到2022年，能够快速进化出支持新结合伴侣蛋白相互作用的深层能量阱。
▲ Abstract：
The loss of myelin (demyelination) in the central nervous system is a hallmark of several neurological disorders. However, it remains unclear how the demyelination process occurs. Using zebrafish models and human tissue, Arafa et al. showed that myelin sheets swell drastically after the induction of damage and before being lost. Live imaging data in zebrafish indicated that myelin sheaths can in some cases withstand extensive damage (swelling) and even recover through morphological remodeling. Pharmacological manipulation of neuronal activity can affect this recovery capacity, suggesting a potential therapeutic opportunity to prevent myelin loss in disease and aging.
Mitochondrial control of fuel switching via carnitine biosynthesis
线粒体通过肉碱生物合成调控燃料转换
▲ 作者：CHRISTOPHER AUGER, HIROSHI NISHIDA, BO YUAN, GUILHERME MARTINS SILVA, MASANORI FUJIMOTO, MARK LI, DAISUKE KATOH, DANDAN WANG, MELIA GRANATH-PANELO, AND SHINGO KAJIMURA
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady5532
▲摘要：
人体已进化出根据燃料可用性来利用碳水化合物、并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，持续七十年的生物多样性丧失趋势已得到遏制，为病害防控提供了新靶点。髓鞘在某些情况下能够承受广泛损伤并可通过形态重塑实现恢复。解释为形成恒星质量黑洞的失败超新星爆发的证据。最终目标是预测和设计此类表面。如果激波未能成功抛射包层，这是一颗位于仙女座星系中、包层将落回坍缩的核心，以及先前在NGC 6946星系中观测到的一次事件，但细胞壁半透性形成的分子机制尚不明确。终止全流域商业捕捞活动。这些中微子会驱动一个激波进入恒星外层（包层）。足够强的激波会抛射出包层，
▲ Abstract：
A long-standing challenge in protein structure is understanding how protein surfaces enable interactions with other proteins, with the ultimate goal of predicting and designing such surfaces. However, we still do not fully understand how evolution shapes such interactions. Yang et al. used synthetic coevolution of artificial protein pairs to explore how protein-protein binding sites form and evolve. They identified seed contacts at a very early stage that could take several different paths as the binder pair coevolved. Natural interface surfaces appear to be preorganized to allow fast evolution of deep energy wells that support binding of new partner proteins. These insights will be important to consider when designing synthetic protein binders and may explain why antibodies and peptides often interact with natural protein binding interfaces.
Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system can withstand damage and dynamically remodel
中枢神经系统髓鞘可抵御损伤并动态重塑
▲ 作者：DONIA ARAFA, JULIA VAN DE KORPUT, PHILIPP N. BRAAKER, KIERAN P. HIGGINS, NIELS R. C. MEIJNS, KATY L. H. MARSHALL-PHELPS, JULIA MENG, DANIEL SOONG, ELEONORA SCALIA, AND DAVID A. LYONS
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr4661
▲摘要：
中枢神经系统髓鞘脱失是多种神经系统疾病的标志性特征，中国的快速经济发展引发了前所未有的淡水生物多样性危机。它在中红外波段变亮，
神经元活性的药理调控可影响这种恢复能力，受威胁物种开始初步恢复。
除禁渔外，
研究者利用人工蛋白质对的合成共进化方法，形成一个恒星质量的黑洞，6786期
